An Examination of the Techno-Economic Viability of Hybrid Grid-Integrated and Stand-Alone Generation Systems for an Indian Tea Plant

All tea plants in India rely on the national grid for their electrical needs and diesel thermal energy transportation, which are encountering high costs, emissions, issues of accessibility. In this paper, hybrid renewable systems based both standalone grid-connected technologies have been modeled using HOMER Pro software supplying power to a manufacturing plant typical rural area India, namely, Gudalur village (Nilgiris), geographically located at 11°30.2?N 76°29.5?E, is presently run by state meet requirements. The different configurations comprised Solar PV, biomass, hydro, electrolyzer, boiler, load controller utilize excess electricity, waste heat recovery options, lead-acid batteries were designed 650 kWh/day electricity processing units, 101 general applications, 4,450 energy, 86.35 kg/day hydrogen energy. To determine most feasible system design among various scenarios, several criteria such as NPC, COE, LCOH, CO 2 emission investigated. case off-grid systems, results show highest NPC $7.01 M with an LCOE $1.06/kWh obtained generator/boiler/reformer/TLC system. It reduced $1.75 ?$.420/kWh PV/biomass-CHP/hydro/TLC scenario. system, maximum $6.20 $0.835/kWh generator/boiler it ?$10.5 ?$.240/kWh Additionally, has LCOH $4.27/kg, economical fraction 93%. lowest ?$64.5/kg 96% on-grid systems. findings that recovering would increase fraction, decrease cost emissions from emphasize importance TLC CHP HRES. According simulation results, more cost-effective than stand-alone due revenue selling grid.